FAME A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW

Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), also recognized being fatty acid methyl esters, are a type of organic materials with a wide range of uses. They are formed by the transformation of fatty acids with methanol. FAMEs are commonly used as a energy source and in various manufacturing {processes|. Their adaptability stems from their physical properties,

Sputtering is a vital technique utilized in the fabrication of advanced thin films. Titanium (Ti) sputtering, namely, has emerged as a preferred method due to its ability to deposit high-quality Ti thin films with controlled thickness and composition. The process involves bombarding a Ti target with energetic ions, ejecting atoms that then deposit